Практикум по грамматике структура английского предложения Структура There is/ There are

Переведите на английский язык

Он писал письмо, когда я увидел его.
Гарри делал свою работу, пока его братья играли в разные игры.
Человек упал в тот момент, когда бежал за автобусом.
Мы пели песню, когда Джордж вошел в комнату.
Когда учитель давал урок, маленькая собачка вошла в комнату.
Когда зазвонил телефон, я работал в саду.
Моя шляпа слетела, когда я шел по мосту.
Начался дождь, когда мы наблюдали за игрой.
Как только я начал интересоваться своей работой, мне нужно было идти домой.
Он потерял свою записную книжку, когда осматривал достопримечательности Рима.

Времена группы Perfect
Present Perfect or Past Indefinite?

Поставьте глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужную форму (Present Perfect или Past Indefinite)

1. I just (tell) you the answer.

2. I (tell) you the answer yesterday.

3. John and Richard just (go) away.

4. She already (answer) the letter.

5. She (answer) it on Tuesday.

6. John and David (go) away five minutes ago.

7. I (read) that book in the summer holidays.

8. The baker (sell) now all the cakes.

9. He (sell) the last one half an hour ago.

10. I (not see) him for three years.

11. You (wear) your hair long when you were at school? – Yes, my mother (insist) on it.

12. He (not smoke) for two weeks. He is trying to give it up.

13. When he (arrive)? – He (arrive) at 2.00.

14. I (read) his books when I was at school. I (like) them very much.

15. I can’t go out because I (not finish) my work.

16. I (write) the letter but I can’t find a stamp.

17. The clock is slow. – It isn’t slow; it (stop).

18. Here are your shoes; I just (clean) them.

19. I (leave) home at 8.00 and (get) here at twelve.

20. You (have) breakfast yet?

21. I (meet) him last June.

22. You (see) the moon last night?

23. The play just (begin). You are a little late.

24. “The newspaper (come)?” “Yes, Ann is reading it.”

25. The actors (arrive) yesterday and (start) rehearsals early this morning.

26. We (miss) the bus. Now we’ll have to walk.

27. He (break) his leg in a skiing accident last year.

28. You (be) here before? – Yes, I (spend) my holidays here last year. – You (have) a good time? – No, it never (stop) raining.

Переведите на английский язык

В понедельник на прошлой неделе шел сильный дождь.
Мой отец обычно завтракает в половине восьмого.
Петр обычно делает домашнее задание перед ужином. Он уже сделал домашнее задание? Нет, он все еще его делает.
Почему вы идете так быстро? Я иду быстро, потому что я замерз.
Мой брат никогда не носит шляпу летом.
В тот вечер я смотрел телевизор.
Почтальон обычно приходит в восемь часов вечера. Сейчас уже половина девятого, а он все еще не пришел.
Каждый вечер я смотрю телевизор.
Служащие заканчивают работу в шесть часов вечера.
Моему соседу около семидесяти лет, но он все еще работает. Когда он был молодым, он иногда работал даже ночами.
Боюсь, я проиграл эту партию в шахматы (this game of chess). Я играл очень плохо. Обычно я играю намного лучше.
Она еще не брала своего маленького сына в театр, но уже водила его в кино в первый раз несколько дней назад.
В школе он играл в футбол.
Я не играл в футбол с 1983 года.
Маленькая девочка часто помогает своей матери.
Автор еще молодой человек. Он написал свою первую книгу в 1995 году.
Сейчас 7 часов утра; ребенок уже проснулся. Вчера утром он проснулся гораздо раньше.
Мария обычно очень внимательно слушает учителя, но сейчас она не слушает, у нее болит голова.

Употребите глаголы в скобках в соответствующем времени

The new bus-driver (have) an accident after he (drive) a few yards.
When I (get) to the cinema, the film (start).
The student (enter) the classroom five minutes after the bell (ring).
After she (lock) everything she (go) to bed.
The students (do) the exercises very well after the teacher (show) them how to.
The little boy (tell) a lie five minutes after he (promise) to tell the truth.
When the plane (land), the sun already (set).
She (feel) sick after she (eat) a whole box of chocolates.
After the doctor (examine) the child he (have) a talk with the mother.
When I (call) on my friend, he (go) out.
Mary (finish) her homework when her father (come) home from his office.
I (throw) away the newspaper after I (read) it.
After she (spend) all her money she (ask) her father to help her.
The teacher (give) back the exercise books after he (correct) them.
The sun (rise) when the farmer (start) works.

Поставьте глаголы в скобках в одно из прошедеших времен

Tom (sit) in a corner with a book. I told him that he (read) in a very bad light.
When I (arrive) the lecture already (start).
I (make) a cake when the light (go) out. I had to finish it in the dark.
Unfortunately when I arrived Ann (leave), so we only had time for a few words.
He (have) a bath when the phone rang. Very unwillingly he (get) out of the bath and (go) to answer it.
When we (reach) the field, the game already (start).
He suddenly (realize) that he (travel) in the wrong direction.
When I (look) for my passport I (find) this old photograph.
You looked very busy when I saw you last night. What you (do)?
He (not allow) us to go out in the boat yesterday as a strong wind (blow).
When I (hear) his knock I (go) to the door and (open) it, but I (not recognize) him at first because I (not wear) my glasses.
When I came in they (sit) round the fire. Mr Smith (do) a crossword puzzle, the others (read). Mrs Smith (smile) at me and (say). “Come and sit down”.
I (see) you yesterday from the bus. Why you (use) a stick? – I (use) a stick because I (hurt) my leg that morning.
The children (come) to the party at 4 o’clock yesterday; but before that Mr and Mrs Green (decorate) the room, Mrs Green (bake) cakes, and Mr Green (buy) a small present for every little guest.
As they (walk) along the road they (hear) a car behind them. Tom (turn) round and (hold) up his hand. The car (stop).
When I (arrive) at the station Mary (wait) for me. She (wear) a blue dress and (look) very pretty.
When I (see) him he (paint) a portrait of his wife.
While he (water) the flowers it (begin) to rain.
When I last (see) her she (hurry) along the road to the station. I (ask) her where she (go) and she (say),”London”, but I don’t think she (tell) the truth because there (not be) any train for London at that time.
The men (say) that they (work) on the road outside my house and that they (want) some water to make tea.
Ann said that she (be) on holiday. I (say) that I (hope) that she (enjoy) herself.
When I (look) through your books I (notice) that you (have) a copy of “Nightwork”.
She said that she (not like) her present flat and (try) to find another.
When Margaret (finish) her homework she (turn) on the radio.

Переведите на английский язык

Вчера в девять часов вечера я смотрел телевизор.
Она сказала, что еще не выполнила домашнее задание.
Когда пришел мой друг, я еще не закончил завтракать.
Когда я встретил ее впервые, она работала в школе.
Все студенты выполнили задание правильно после того, как преподаватель рассказал им, как его делать.
Когда мы вышли на улицу, ярко светило солнце.
Мой друг сказал, что его брат уже приехал.
Я читал книгу, когда услышал телефонный звонок.
После того, как врач осмотрел больного, он поговорил с его родственниками.
Когда мы пришли на остановку, автобус уже ушел.
Он спросил меня, видел ли я, что произошло.
Когда я пришла, она накрывала на стол.
Я часто ходил в этот кинотеатр, когда работал в этом районе.
С кем вы разговаривали по телефону, когда я вошла в комнату?
Вчера мы весь день работали в саду.
Он пошел гулять после того, как пообедал.
Я спросил у него, почему он не ответил на мое письмо.

Used to

Измените предложения по образцу

This town’s ugly.

It used to be so pretty.

The houses are very expensive.
The streets are dirty.
There is too much litter on the streets.
The car parks are always full.
There is a lot of traffic on the roads.
It’s noisy at night.
We don’t have parks any more.

Согласование времен. Сложные предложения. Косвенная речь.

4.1. Выберите форму глагола, которая соответствует времени придаточного предложения.

Он говорит, что работает над книгой сейчас.

А – works; B – is working; C – has been working

2. Я знаю, что он учил английский язык в детстве.

А – will learn; B – learned; C – learns

3. Мария сказала, что она будет занята в конце недели.

А – will be busy; B – would be busy; C – was busy

4. Меня спросили, где я купил эту книгу.

А – bought; B – had bought; C – was buying

5. Я знал, что она учится очень хорошо.

А- is learning; B – learned; C – learns

Выберите правильную форму глагола в скобках

I knew that he … visit his sick friend.

A – must B – has to C – had must

2. Tim knew that the Earth … round the Sun but he gave the wrong answer.

A – went B – goes C – had gone

3. Mike hoped that his friend … him with the car.

A – would help B – will help C – helped

4. She didn’t know that Susan … drawing for ten years.

A – had made B – had been making C – made

5. Hardly had they entered the house when a violent thunderstorm…

A – broke out B – had broken out C – has broken out

6. I know that Jane … at home when I come.

A – would be B – will be C – is

7. What was done … be undone.

A – cannot B – could not C – won’t be able to

8. I thought that you … to become a member of Parliament.

A – are going B – were going C - will be going

9. What was the result of the dispute you … in?

A – are B – were C - has been

10. He said that he … the University when he was only 16.

A – entered B – had entered C – would enter

Поставьте глаголы в нужную временную форму, соблюдая правило согласования времен

They promised that they (to bring) us all necessary books.
He did it better than I (to expect) he would.
He said that the tractors (to be) there soon.
I think it all happened soon after the meeting (to end).
He said that he (can) not do it without my help.
The astronomer told us that the Moon (to be) 240,000 miles from the Earth.
We asked the delegates whether they еver (to see) such a demonstration.
It was decided that we (to start) our work at four o’clock.
I told you that I (to leave) town on the following day.
I did not know that you already (to receive) the letter.
The boy did not know that water (to boil) at 100 degrees.
He wanted to know what (to become) of the books.
I was told that the secretary just (to go out) and (to come back) in half an hour.
We were afraid that she not (to be able) to finish her work in time and therefore (to offer) to help her.
He said we (may) keep the book as long as we (to like).
When I called at his house, they (to tell) me that he (to leave) an hour before.
It (to be) soon clear to the teacher that the new pupil (to cause) much trouble.

Каковы правила преобразования прямой речи в косвенную?

Как грамматически оформляется косвенный вопрос?
4.4. Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную

I asked my friend,”How do you feel after your holiday?”
Margaret asked Richard, “Where are you going for your holidays?”
Ann asked Mary, “What do you usually have for breakfast?”
Jack’s father asked him, “Who are you writing a letter to?”
The teacher asked Bob, “When did you learn to swim?”
I saw a cloud of smoke and asked, “What is burning?”
Mary’s mother asked her, “Where have you put your shoes?”
I asked her, “Who gave you that watch?”
Peter asked me, “When are you going to have dinner?”
Mr Smith asked his wife, “How much do you spend on food every week?”
The policeman asked me, ”Where did you lose your wallet?”
The teacher came into the classroom and asked his pupils, “What are you doing?”
Henry asked Tom, “Who did you visit in the hospital?”
I asked Bob, “Why didn’t you answer my letter?”
The teacher wrote the answers on the blackboard and then asked, “Who has got all the answers right?”
The little boy asked his father, “Why does a policeman wear a uniform?”
I asked him, “ Who are you looking at?”
A man asked his friend, “When did you buy your car?”
Tom asked the teacher, “What does the word mean?”

Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную

I asked the old gentleman, “Are you feeling tired?”
The hotel manager asked the visitors, “Did you sleep well?”
He asked his wife, “Is the baby asleep or awake?”
The teacher asked Tom, “Do you come to school by bus or on foot?”
A man stopped me in the street and asked, “Have you got a match?”
The teacher asked us, “Do you understand the question or not?”
Henry’s father asked his son, “Do you want to be an engineer or a doctor?”
I asked Peter, “Are you going to play football on Friday or on Sunday?”
The teacher asked me, “Do you spell `swimming` with one `m` or a double `m`?”
He asked his secretary, ”Has the postman been yet?”

Употребите глаголы, данные в скобках, в нужной форме

The old gentleman doesn’t go out in winter. He (go) out when the weather (get) warmer.
I (wait) for the doctor until he (come) back from the hospital.
I’m afraid the old woman (die) before she (see) her son.
The teacher said, “I (begin) the lesson as soon as Jack (stop) talking.”
He (not pass) the examination next summer if he (not work) much harder.
He (have) a bad accident if he (not drive) more carefully.
She’s flying to Rome tomorrow. She (send) her family a telegram as soon as she (arrive).
She told her guests, “We (have) lunch when my son (come) home from school”.
You (be) late if you (not take) a taxi.
I (not speak) to him again if he (not apologize).
We (have) a picnic tomorrow if it (be) a fine day.
I (finish) reading this book before I (go) to bed.
I’m sure he (write) to me as soon as he (know) my new address.
Peter has borrowed my dictionary. He (give) it back when he (see) me tomorrow.
The postman (start) work tomorrow before the sun (rise).
The little boy (not be) happy until his father (buy) him a bicycle.
She (wash) my shirts tomorrow if she (have) time.
We (go) out when it (stop) raining.
If he (not run) he (not catch) the train.
If you (think) it over you (see) that I’m right.

Преобразуйте прямую речь в косвенную

“We have a lift but very often it doesn’t work”, they said.
“We have moved into our new flat. We don’t like it nearly so much as our last one”, said my aunt.
“Nothing grows in my garden. It never gets any sun”, she said.
“I’ve been in London for a month but so far I haven’t time to visit the Tower”, he said.
He said, “My wife has just been made a judge.”
“Who put salt in my coffee?” he asked.
“Why did you travel first class?” I asked him.
“What else did you see?” I asked the boy.
“What is your new house like?” I asked them.
“Did they understand what you said to them?” he inquired.
“Haven’t you got a television set?” he asked.
“When you don’t like a film do you stay to the end or walk out in the middle?” she asked.
“Don’t argue with your father”, she said.
“Wait for me at the bridge,” said the young man.
“Don’t make a sound,” he said in a whisper.
“Don’t go near the water, children,” she said.
“Don’t forget your sandwiches,” said his mother.
“Please don’t say anything to make her angry,” said my father.
“Please, don’t leave the gate open,” the farmer said to visitors.
“Don’t climb that tree in your new trousers, Richard,” his father said.

Модальные глаголы

В чем заключаются смысловые и грамматические особенности модальных глаголов?

В каких случаях следует употреблять глагол can? Как можно его заменить?

Значение и употребление глагола may? Как можно его заменить?

Значение и употребление глагола must? Какие существуют эквиваленты глагола must? Какие оттенки долженствования они выражают?

Модальные глаголы как средство выражения предположения.

В каких случаях употребляются can и may?

В каких случаях употребляются глаголы must и should?

Заполните пропуски модальными глаголами

The doctor said, “The child is very ill. He … be taken to the hospital at once.”
A man … help his parents when they become old.
There are no buses or taxis, so we … walk.
Everybody … learn a foreign language.
We … live without food and water. We … eat and drink.
I … get up early tomorrow, so I… go to bed late tonight.
You … drive a car at night without lights on.
Tom’s father told him that he … ask silly questions.
Man … live by bread alone.
The matter … be discussed in tomorrow’s debate.
You … sit there in your wet clothes; you will catch a cold if you do.
They … do all the exercises; it will be sufficient if they do four of them.
You … do whatever you like.
We … go away right now; our train doesn’t leave for half an hour yet.
I … read to the end of the story, because I want to see who gets the treasure.
Why … I go there?
She … sing quite well.
You … say anything. Just nod your head and he will understand.
… I use your phone? – You … ask for permission, you … use it whenever you like.
You … leave your dog with us if you don’t want to take him with you.
You … take a horse to water but you … make him drink.
The ice is quite thick. We … walk on it.
If you don’t know the meaning of a word you … use a dictionary.

Выберите правильный вариант перевода

Can she be so stupid?
1. Она может быть глупой?
2. Неужели она такая глупая?
3. Она глупая?
She can’t have done it.

А. Она не сможет это сделать.

В. Она не может это сделать.

С. Не может быть, чтобы она это сделала.

The work must be done by Monday.

А. Работу нужно сделать к понедельнику.

В. Работу нужно было сделать к понедельнику.

С. Работу сделают к понедельнику.
Should

Дайте совет, используя выражения I think… should или I don’t think you should.

Peter’s got a very bad cold.

I think he should go to bed.

I don’t think he should go to bed.

Jenny and Tony are only sixteen, but they say they want to get married.
My tooth hurts.
There’s a hole in my shoe. I only bought them last week.
Ann’s phone bill was enormous! $ 300!
My children spend all their pocket money on sweets.
Kate’s crying because I pushed her. It was an accident.
I’ve lost my chequebook and credit cards.

Have to

Закончите следующие предложения, употребляя have to, has to или had to и соответствующий глагол.

I have to wear glasses because my eyes aren’t very good.

Remember! When you drive in England you ________ on the left!
“Can I go and see the dentist when I want?” “Well, usually you ______an appointment, unless it’s an emergency.”
At weekends Jack wears jeans and a T-shirt. During the week he _____ a suit and a tie.
“Why are you late?” “Sorry. I _____ to the bank, and there was a queue.”
Farmers _____ every day of the year.
Their car broke down, so they _____ it to the garage.

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