Тема 1

Что вы знаете о США? Введение в курс « Страноведение США »

Практическое занятие: Путешествие по физической и политической карте США. Главные реки, озёра, горные цепи и вершины. Экономические районы. 50 штатов.

Тема 2

Географическое положение США. Климат. Границы, особенности ландшафта, горные цепи, высочайшие пики, крупнейшие озёра и реки. Особенности климата.

Семинар 1 Географическое положение США.

Тема 3

Открытие Америки и первые колонии. Первооткрыватели, первые цивилизации на Американском континенте. Христофор Колумб и открытие Америки. Колонизация .

Тема 4

Война за независимость 1775 – 1783. Причины революции. Бостонское чаепитие. Начало войны. Декларация независимости. Итоги войны.

Тема 5

Гражданская война в США 1861 - 1865. Соотношение сил Юга и Севера. Братоубийственный характер войны.

Тема 6

Американцы - « нация наций ». Расово – этнический состав. Иммиграция. Американский характер. Крупнейшие города США.

Семинар 2 Население США

Тема 7

Характерные особенности образа жизни в современных США. Быт, увлечения, любимые занятия. Гастрономические предпочтения. Традиции и национальные праздники.

Практическое занятие:

Американский образ жизни – быт, увлечения, праздники и традиции. Представление проектных работ.

Тема 8

Американский вариант английского языка. Особенности лексики, фонетики, грамматики.

Практическое занятие: Американский вариант английского языка. Аудирование. Лексические особенности.

Практическое занятие: Урок политически корректного языка.

Внеклассное мероприятие : «Моё открытие Америки ». Викторина. Драматизация - представление традиции или праздника страны. Защита проекта по теме.

Практическое занятие: « Отправляясь в США – помните». Дискуссия.

Практическое занятие 1. Обучение диалогической речи. Составление диалогов по темам.

Практическое занятие 2. Обучение диалогической речи. Разыгрывание сценок. Дискуссия.

Практическое занятие. Drama in use. Снять учебный фильм по теме: «Путешествие в США по приглашению друга \ подруги по переписке»

Календарно – перспективный план

№	Тема	Кол-во часов	Формы и методы проведения	Форма контроля	Результат
1	Введение в предмет	1	Беседа, работа в малых группах	тест	Выявление начального уровня знаний
2	Географическое положение США. Климат, ресурсы.	1 1	Лекция, практическое занятие Семинар	Опрос тест	Знать информацию о географическом положении США
3	Открытие и исследование Америки	1	Самостоятельная работа	Тест, опрос	Знать причины и периоды освоения Америки
4	Американская революция	1	лекция	опрос	Знать причины революции, ознакомить с отрывком из Декларации независимости
5	Гражданская война 1861 - 1865	1	Самостоятельная работа в малых группах	тест	Знать причины и последствия войны
6	Американцы – «нация наций»	1 1	Видео и аудио материалы Семинар	Тест Дискуссия	Составить презентации
7	Американский образ жизни	1 1	Видео и аудио материалы Практическое занятие	Доклады, проекты	Составить презентации, подготовить и представить проект
8	Американский вариант английского языка	1 1	Лекция Практическое занятие	тест	Уметь различать фонетические ,лексические, грамматические особенности американского английского
9	« Моё открытие Америки»	2	Внеклассное мероприятие	Викторина, драматизации, проекты	Подготовить и представить драматизации и проекты
10	« Отправляемся в США? – Запомним!»	1	Практическое занятие	Дискуссия	Знать особенности менталитета американцев
11	Обучение диалогической речи Нормы этикета	1 1	Практическое занятие Практическое занятие	Составление диалогов по темам Разыгрывание сценок, дискуссия	Знать типичные ошибки, чтобы не попасть в неприятную ситуацию
12	Путешествие в США по приглашению друга \ подруги по переписке	1	Практическое занятие	Просмотр учебного фильма. Обсуждение.	Снять учебный фильм по теме.

IV. Заключение

Ситуация выбора, диалог, работа в парах, командах, группах, дискуссии, контакты с воображаемыми и реальными собеседниками - носителями иной лингвокультуры – всё это создаёт условия для формирования социально - значимых качеств личности учащихся и расширения их социального опыта. Создаются ситуации, благоприятные для формирования самосознания учащихся: сознания «Я» как субъекта деятельности, сознания собственных личностных свойств, социально – нравственной самооценки. Становление личности происходит в ходе конкретной предметно – практической деятельности в различных видах общения.

Курс построен мною как открытый, т.е. учителя могут пользоваться им не от начала до конца, а варьировать изучение тем, использовать материал для отработки навыков выполнения заданий в форме ЕГЭ и т. д.

Статья в журнале А.Н. Морозова « Воспитание культуры мира средствами иностранного языка» -Английский язык в школе, Титул, 2002, № 1 Статья в журнале Т.В. Починок « Формирование социокультурной компетенции как основы межкультурного общения » -ИЯШ, М.,2007,№ 7 Статья в журнале Н.Д.Гальскова « Образование в области иностранных языков: новые вызовы и приоритеты»- ИЯШ, М.,2008, №5 Статья в журнале Е. В. Милосердова « Национально – культурные стереотипы и проблемы межкультурной коммуникации»-ИЯШ, М.,2004, № 3 Статья в журнале М.А.Ариян «Технологии социально – развивающего обучения иностранным языкам на старшем этапе обучения средней школы»-ИЯШ,М.,2008, № 7 Статья в журнале А.Д.Вислова « Формирование толерантной личности – стратегическая задача образования»- Социально – гуманитарные знания, 2008,№ 4 Два автора, статья в журнале И.В.Абакумова, П.Н. Ермаков « О становлении толерантной личности в поликультурном образовании»- Вопросы психологии,2003,№ 3 Статья в журнале Т.ВПоштарева « Формирование этнокультурной компетентности»- Педагогика, 2005, № 3 В.С.Кукушин «Деловой этикет»- Новые технологии, 2006 Приложения и тесты « Деловой этикет», Март, Москва - Ростов –на- Дону, 2005 Учебно - методическое пособие А.Ю. Фролова « Английский язык. Тесты 10 – 11 класс»- М.,Дрофа,2005 Статья в журнале Р.Г.Борисова» Проектная деятельность учащихся в школе» -ИЯШ,М.,2007, № 8 Часть книги “ American life and institutions” – Douglas K.Stevenson, Ernst Klett Verlag, 1998 Статья в журнале Marina Tsehelska “ Teaching Politically Correct Language” – English teaching forum, number 1, 2006, Washington, USA Статья в журнале “English – Speaking World – The American Character” – Speak Out, 2002, number 3 Пособие по страноведению “ Country study : The United States of America”- Antonina Tufyakova, William Thornton, Syktyvkar,1996 Пособие по подготовке к экзаменам First Certificate Star, Macmillan Publishers Limited, 2000 Пособие по страноведению U. B. Golytsynsky “ The United States of America”, St. Petersburg, 2008 V. Список литературы

3. 
   Приложения.
   

Приложение № 1

Тhе structure of the course:

Understanding the differences and similarities between people and their behaviour in different countries is the first step to bridging them.

1 Glimpses of geography of the USA. What do you know about the country ?

2 Glimpses of history of the USA:

• 
  The three first discoveries
  
• 
  Native Americans
  
• 
  The first colonies , two stories
  
• 
  The Boston Tea party
  
• 
  The American revolution 1775- 1783
  

3. 
   The Civil War 1861- 1865. Brother against brother: the tragic Civil War
   
4. 
   American people
   
5. 
   The “ melting pot”
   
6. 
   American character
   
7. 
   American holidays
   
8. 
   American food
   
9. 
   House and home
   
10. 
    Lifestyles
    

1 The Three First Discoveries

Who discovered America? Many books say that Christopher Columbus discovered America in 1492. Other books – that a Viking, Lief Erickson ( the son of Eric the Red), did it four centuries earlier. Read the text and find out that America was discovered three times.

In the 15 th century to bring goods from India to Europe you had to sail very far. Boats had to sail around the bottom of Africa, and the trip was very long and dangerous. If someone could find a way to get to the riches in India without sailing around Africa, that person would become famous.

Chr. Columbus was a talented and brave sailor. Few sailors , if any, knew the Atlantic Ocean better than him. Columbus thought that the world was round – everyone else thought that he was crazy because they “knew” the world was flat. He was sure he could sail to India, in the East, by sailing West. He brought his idea to the kings and queens of Europe, hoping they would give him money for an expedition. Most of them laughed – if he sailed to the West , he would sail off the edge of the earth. Finally, Queen Isabella of Spain gave him money to buy sailors and three ships. The Nina ( Spanish for “ The Small”), the Pinta ( “the Point”), the Santa Maria( “The Saint Mary”). On August 3, 1492, he sailed westward.

Columbus sailed for a long time without seeing anything but water. The crew was very nervous and decided to turn back- there was no land there and none of them wanted to find out if there was an edge of the earth to fall off. They gave Columbus three days to find land. The first day passed, and they saw nothing. The second day – nothing. Columbus was probably very nervous and disappointed. In the morning of the third day the lookout cried “ Land, Ho!” Columbus named this island San Salvador( Spanish for “ The Savior”). The island, he decided, was part of the West Indies, and the people on the island he called “ Indians”. He searched all around the region of the Caribbean, found many new islands, but never found India. He sailed there four times, each time looking for India, and never believed he found a new land. He died poor thinking he was a failure. He was the third “ discoverer” of America. A few years after Columbus’ discovery , Amerigo Vespucci sailed to Columbus’ “ India”. When he came back, he was the first to write that it was a new world. A German cartographer, working at a map of this new world, named it America in memory of Vespucci.

Four centuries earlier Lief Erickson sailed to the northern part of North America and explored around the eastern coast of Canada and the northern coast of Maine. He and his family tried three times to make a colony there. They would sail there, try to clear off people living there, lose, and sail home. The people on the island fought the Vikings and won every time. Lief Erickson and his Vikings were the second “ discoverers”.

So who were the first? When Columbus and Erickson came to America, who did they find? Native Americans were the first discoverers and they came there many centuries before the Europeans. 30 000 years ago Native Americans made their journey on foot… They walked from Asia across the Bering Strait into North America. Some continued on into Central and South America. Until 10 000years ago, between Ice Ages, there was a strip of land that connected northern Asia with North America. And so, long before the Vikings, and even longer before Columbus, people walked to North America. They were the real discoverers of America.

Answer the following questions:

1 Who were the three “ first” discoverers?

2 How did people get to North America from Asia?

3 Where did the Vikings sail to ?

4 Why did Columbus call the people on the island he had discovered “ Indians”?

5 In memory of whom was the new world named?

Native Americans

Read the text. Use the word given in capitals at the end of each line to form a word that fits in the space in the same line.

On the Plains of North America, tribes such as the Sioux

Roamed on horseback, (1)___buffalo. The buffalo gave HUNT

them everything they needed to live. They ate its meat and

used its skin and fur for (2) ___ and for their teepees. They CLOTH

also carved buffalo bones into knives and tools. The clothes

of the Plains Indians were (3) ___ with beads, and their hair DECORATE

with eagle feathers. These (4) ___ Indians were depicted as PRIDE

savages in TV dramas and films about the American West.

The Sioux gave (5) ___ for the wagon trains of settlers PERMIT

heading west to pass through their lands. But then the

whites began to settle in the Plains. At first, the Sioux made

treaties with the (6)___, giving up large pieces of their land. GOVERN

In return, the government promised them food, peace

schools, and fair (7)___ to all conflicts. It signed an SOLVE

(8)___ that the vast lands between the Missouri River and AGREE

the Rocky Mountains were to remain the Sioux territory, on

which the whites were (9)___ to settle. FORBID

Six years later came the (10) ___ of gold in the Black Hills DISCOVER

of South Dakota, a land the Sioux considered sacred.

The First Colonies, Two Stories

Read the text and answer the following questions:

1. 
   Which countries sent their explorers to America ?
   
2. 
   What was the first colony in North America ?
   
3. 
   Why did the colonists have a lot of problems ?
   
4. 
   Where were the settlers of the Plymouth Plantation from ?
   
5. 
   Why were the Pilgrims successful ?
   
6. 
   What for did people come to America?
   

After Columbus, colonists came to the New World from England, Spain and France. The French explored and settled in the north, what is now Canada; the Spanish went to the south, along the Gulf of Mexico; the English took the land in – between. All three countries claimed the land was theirs, and sent people to build colonies. Some colonies were successful, others were not - why?

Jamestown, located in what is now the state of Virginia in 1607, was the first colony in the New World. James, the King of England then, sent people to Jamestown to look for gold, silver and other treasures. The colonists there were lawyers, jewelers and bankers - not farmers, not carpenters. Because they had to look for gold, they had trouble building homes and raising crops. When winter came many died because there wasn’t enough food or shelter. Moreover, they had many problems with the Native Americans.

In Plymouth, located on Cape Code in 1620, in what is now Massachusetts, colonists from England, called Pilgrims, built Plymouth Plantation. The Pilgrims, unlike the colonists in Jamestown, were farmers and builders, so they didn’t have trouble building their homes and planting crops. They also made friends with the Native Americans and they taught them to grow corn and showed where to hunt. Their colony was successful. In the fall of 1621 the Pilgrims and the Indians had the first Thanksgiving .The Pilgrims wanted to give thanks for their new land and to thank the Indians for their help.

The first Thanksgiving was three days long. But in the years after the first holiday there were many problems between the newcomers and Native Americans. The newcomers killed the Indians, took their land and destroyed their way of life. Today many Americans feel ashamed about it. Some states celebrate Native American days. On these days, Americans honor Native Americans and remember the peace and friendship of the first Thanksgiving.

Most of the immigrants to America were from the lower or middle classes; they were dissatisfied people who were hoping to find in the New World opportunities of carrying their religious faith in their own way. Emigration was also due to the serious economic changes that accompanied the early stages of large – scale capitalistic agriculture; impoverished peasants had to leave their farms to seek fortune overseas while at the same time beggars, vagrants and any other kind of “ idle persons” were transported to the colonies.

In 1643 there were about 20 000 persons living in Massachusetts Bay Colony, helped by British investors and bringing them profits in return. All the people had brought with them their English ways of living and thinking.

The Boston Tea Party

Say whether the statements are true or false:

1. 
   By means of numerous taxes and laws the King of England made life of colonies difficult.
   
2. 
   According to the Tea act all companies had to pay a tax for their tea.
   
3. 
   Tea merchants were very angry and other merchants worried that the King would give other British companies the same advantage.
   

4. 
   One night in Boston Harbor the cheaper tea was dumped into water. This event was called Boston Tea Party.
   
5. 
   When the King heard about it he ordered to ban the Tea Act.
   
6. 
   The Boston Tea Party and the blockade around the harbor led to the Revolutionary War with England.
   

The King of England made life difficult for the colonists by many taxes and laws. But one, the Tea Act (1773), was especially bad for the colonists. All companies had to pay a tax for the tea, except for one. The East India Company was allowed to sell tea cheaper than any other in the colonies and didn’t have to pay the tax. The colonial tea merchants were very angry, and other merchants worried that the King would give other British companies the same advantage.

One night in Boston Harbor a group of men dressed like Native Americans boarded ships from England carrying the cheaper tea. They dumped the tea into the harbor. ( Perhaps they should have thrown in muffins, so the fish could have something with the tea).

When the King heard about the Boston Tea Party, he sent warships to Boston. The warships formed the blockade around the harbor. No ships could come in or go out until the tea was paid for. The Tea Party and the blockade led to the Revolutionary War with England.
The American Revolution 1775 – 1783

1775 Preparing to Rebel

After the Boston Tea Party King George III wanted to make life difficult enough for the colonists that they would behave - instead he made them angry enough to fight back. He sent the soldiers, called Redcoats, to the colonies. Everywhere militia were organized and weapons collected. In 1775 British troops and colonial militia clashed at Lexington and the first shots were exchanged. The second Continental Congress met in Philadelphia. It appointed George Washington Commander - in – Chief of the Continental Army and voted Independence. The colonists created an official army of Patriots. The American Revolutionary War began.

1776 Declaration of Independence

Young Thomas Jefferson, then 33 years old, and Benjamin Franklin were appointed to write a document telling King George and other European countries why America wanted independence from England. The document gave the principles of a democratic government:

• 
  All men are created equal
  
• 
  They have the right to life
  
• 
  They have the right to liberty
  
• 
  They have the right to search for happiness
  
• 
  People create governments to protect those rights, therefore governments should be the servants of the people
  

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