Прямая речь
Direct Speech
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Косвенная речь
Reported Speech
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Прямая речь – это речь человека, передаваемая без изменений.
Он говорит: «А вот и я!»
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Косвенная речь передает слова говорящего в виде дополнительного придаточного предложения.
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Когда вводная фраза (например, “he says”) в употребляется в настоящем времени, то при переходе из прямой речи в косвенную речь время не меняется.
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He says: “I like”
[Present Simple: “Present Simple”]
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He says (that) he likes
[Pr. Simple (that) Pr. Simple]
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He says: “I liked”
[Present Simple: “Past Simple”]
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He says (that) he liked
[Pr. Simple (that) Past Simple]
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He says: “I have done”
[Present Simple: “Present Perfect”]
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He says (that) he has done
[Pr. Simple (that) Present Perfect]
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He says: “I will do”
[Present Simple: “Future Simple”]
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He says (that) he will do
[Pr. Simple (that) Future Simple]
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Просьба и приказ
He says: “Open the window”
[Present Simple: “Imperative”]
(повелительное наклонение)
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Say → tell / ask
He asks to open the window.
He tells to open the window.
[Present Simple to + infinitive]
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Запрет
He says: “don’t open the window”
[Present Simple: “Imperative”]
(повелительное наклонение)
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Say → tell / ask
He asks not to open the window.
He tells not to open the window.
[Present Simple not to + infinitive]
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Вопрос без вопросительного слова
He asks: “Were you in Spain?”
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→ if + прямой порядок слов
He asks if you were in Spain.
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Вопрос с вопросительным словом
He asks: “When were you in Spain?”
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→ Wh + прямой порядок слов
He asks when you were in Spain.
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Внимание!
СОГЛАСОВАНИЕ ВРЕМЁН
Согласование времён производится в том случае, если вводная фраза содержит глагол в Past Simple (например, he said)
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Present Simple
He said: “I live in Moscow”.
He said: “I don’t live there”.
He said: “Barbie doesn’t live here”.
Глагол be
He said: “I am a student”.
He said: “she is my friend”.
He said: “We are clever”.
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→ Past Simple
He said (that) he lived in Moscow.
He said (that) he didn’t live there.
He said (that) Barbie didn’t live here.
He said (that) he was a student.
He said (that) she was his friend.
He said (that) they were clever.
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Present Continuous
He said: “Ann is reading”.
He said: “They are reading”.
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→ Past Continuous
He said (that) Ann was reading.
He said (that) they were reading.
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Have / has
has got
Present Perfect (have V3)
He said: “Mary has got a dog”.
He said: “I have a computer”.
He said: “They have done it”.
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→ had
→ had got
→ Past Perfect (had V3)
He said (that) Mary had got a dog.
He said (that) he had a computer.
He said (that) they had done it.
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Modal Verbs • модальные глаголы
Can
He said: “I can dance”.
He said: “I can’t swim”.
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→ Could
He said (that) he could dance.
He said (that) he couldn’t swim.
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Future Simple (будущее)
will / shall
Nelly said: “I will help you”.
Nelly said: “I won’t be late”.
Nelly asked: “Shall we dance?”
Nelly asked: “Will you go shopping?”
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→ Future in the Past
→ would
Nelly said (that) she would help me.
Nelly said (that) she wouldn’t be late.
Nelly asked if they would dance.
Nelly asked if you would go shopping.
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Past Simple
Present Perfect
Past Perfect
Nelly said: “I bought a good book”.
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→ Past Perfect
→ Past Perfect
→ Past Perfect (не меняется)
Nelly said (that) she had bought a book.
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Вопрос без вопросительного слова
He asked: “Were you in Spain?”
(Past Simple) →
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→ if + прямой порядок слов
He asked if you had been to Spain.
→ (Past Perfect)
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Вопрос с вопросительным словом
He asked: “When were you in Spain?”
(Past Simple) →
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→ Wh + прямой порядок слов
He asked when you had been to Spain.
→ (Past Perfect)
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