My city
We are in the centre of a big city. There are high buildings (sky-scrapers) on each side of the street. The traffic is heavy: buses and trolley-buses carrying passengers; trucks and vans carrying mail and loads. There are different kinds of cars running along the streets. Be careful crossing the street, look at the traffic-light:

The green light says — go,

The yellow says — attention,

The red light says — no, no any action.

When the green light flashes first look on the left, in the middle of the street look on the right and after that you may go on crossing the road if everything is all right.

All the people walk on the pavement (sidewalk). Some of them are in a hurry and others might stop at the large display window, they are interested in some things to buy or they simply look at their own reflection.

Read and translate the dialogue. Learn it by heart in pairs.

M: It's a rush-hour now and we are at a loss, how we can get faster to the railway station.

D: Mum, what time does our train leave?

M: At seven.

D: And when will it arrive at Saratov?

M: Early in the morning. (To a passer-by). Excuse me, would you tell me by what can we go to the railway station?

P: You should take the Number 3 bus as far as the Big Park, get off and then you'll have to change to the Number 5 trolley-bus.

M: Thank you. (In the bus).

M: What's the fare?

C: It depends on the distance.

M: How much will it be to the Big Park?

C: 40 pence.

M: Here is the money.

C: This is your change, Madam. (In the trolley-bus).

M: We need to be at the station. When shall we get off, please?

P: In three stops.

M: And then is it far?

P: No, two minutes walk through the subway.

M: Thank you very much. (To her daughter). We'll be in time for the train and also have time for buying drinks and cakes or sandwiches at the station kiosk.

D: And what shall we do in Saratov?

M: Simply go sightseeing and rest.

D:That'g great!

rush hour — час пик

subway — подземный переход

at a loss — в растерянности

go sightseeing — осматривать достопримечательности

as far as — доехать до
Describe in detail your way to the university.
Kazan
My native town is Kazan. It is the capital of Tatar Republic. It is situated on the picturesque banks of the Volga river. Kazan is an important centre of industry, economy, science and culture. It is an encyclopaedia of Tatar and Russian history. With a population of 1.2 million, Kazan has a total of 15 higher educational institutions with 66 thousand students who master the professions of doctors, teachers, engineers, economists, lawyers and many others. The Kazan University which was founded in 1804 is one of the oldest universities in the world.

Kazan is a cultural centre. There are a lot of museums in our sity. You can enjoy yourself visiting the Museum of Fine Arts and the Exhibition Hall. Beautiful masterpieces of Shishkin, Vasiliev, Maximov are represented here.

If you are a keen theatre-goer, you may visit performances at the Opera and Ballet theatre, at the Tatar Drama or Russian Drama Theatres.

One cannot help admiring the beautiful white-wall Kremlin, old churches, cosy streets and mansions, monuments and mosques of Kazan. Our city is famous for its parks and squares.

We are proud of many famous people who lived and worked in Kazan. The names of the scientists Lobachevsky, Butlerov, Zinin, the great poets G.Tukai and M.Jalil, the composers S.Saidashev and Sofia Gubaydullina are known all over the world.

Besides Kazan is a big industrial and economic centre. Hundreds of plants and factories produce medical equipment, chemical products, planes, helicopters, clothes and food.

There are a lot of joint ventures, banks, exchanges and offices in my town.

Kazan is a large transport centre: there is a river port, two railway stations and two airports. Many businessmen and tourists visit our republic and its capital.

The suburbs are also fairy-like. Beautiful forests, lakes, small rivers surround Kazan. The majestic river Volga attracts many people. I love my native town.
Vocabulary:

native -родной;

important - важный;

to master - владеть, овладевать;

to enjoy - наслаждаться;

a masterpiece - шедевр;

to be represented - быть представленным;

one can't help admiring - нельзя не восхищаться;

to admire - восхищаться;

an exchange - биржа;

to be proud of- гордиться;

a plant - завод;

a helicopter - вертолет;

a bank - банк, берег реки;

cosy - уютный;

fairy-like - сказочный;

a mansion - особняк;

a church - церковь;

a mosque - мечеть;

to surround - окружать;

majestic - волшебный;

a venture - предприятие;

the Museum of Fine Arts - музей ИЗО (изобразительных искусств);

the Exhibition Hall - выставочный зал;

Russian Drama Theatre - русский драматический театр;

Tatar Drama Theatre - татарский драматический театр;

a keen theatre-goer - большой любитель театра.
Ask questions:

a) Where do you live?

b) Is it a city or a town?

c) What is the capital of Tatarstan?

d) What river is Kazan situated on?

e) Why do we say that Kazan is a city of students?

f) Prove that Kazan is a big cultural centre,

g) Is Kazan a big industrial centre?

h) What are the main places of interest in Kazan?

i) Why can we be proud of our city?

j) Does Kazan attract many foreign businessmen? Why?

k) Is there a circus and Puppet Theatre in Kazan?

l) What places do religious people of different nationalities visit?

m) What can you say about suburbs of the capital?

n) Why do you like your native town?
Translate:

1. 
   Столица республики Татарстан расположена на берегу Волги.
   
2. 
   В городе есть семь административных районов: Вахитовский, Советский, Авиастроительный, Новосавиновский, Кировский, Приволжский и Московский.
   
3. 
   В Казани много памятных и исторических мест – Кремль, башня Сююмбике, Казанский государственный университет, Благовещенский собор и др.
   
4. 
   В каком районе больше исторических памятников? – В Вахитовском.
   
5. 
   Казань – крупный промышленный центр.
   
6. 
   Здесь производятся самолеты, вертолеты, медицинские инструменты и другие высококачественные товары.
   
7. 
   Эти товары экспортируются в зарубежные страны.
   
8. 
   В каком вузе Вы учились? – Я училась в Казанском государственном медицинском университете.
   
9. 
   Казань – студенческий город, в нем есть более 20 высших учебных заведений.
   
10. 
    Сегодняшняя Казань – большой, красивый и величественный город.
    
11. 
    Наша столица – известный культурный центр.
    
12. 
    В Казани ежегодно проводятся международные фестивали.
    
13. 
    Казань – древний город. В 2005 году нашей столице исполнилось 1000 лет.
    
14. 
    В связи с этим в городе открылось много красивых зданий, площадей, памятников.
    
15. 
    Казань - мой родной город.
    
16. 
    Я люблю живописную красоту уютных старых улиц.
    
17. 
    В нашей школе ученики изучают много важных предметов.
    
18. 
    Вы можете посетить кукольный театр со своими детьми.
    
19. 
    Старые татары часто посещают мечети, а русские - церкви.
    
20. 
    Мой брат - большой любитель театра.
    
21. 
    Эта фабрика выпускает современное медицинское оборудование.
    
22. 
    Балет "Щелкунчик" ("Nutcracker") -это волшебное и сказочное представление.
    
23. 
    Летом праздники проходят (are held) в парках и живописных пригородах Казани.
    
24. 
    Много зарубежных бизнесменов приезжают в Казань каждый год.
    
25. 
    Нельзя не восхищаться шедеврами известных художников на выставке в ИЗО.
    
26. 
    Большой парк окружает старый особняк.
    

Представьте, что к Вам приезжает друг на неделю. Расскажите подробно, какие достопримечательности Казани Вы планируете ему показать.
Далее представьте, что приезжавший друг уже уехал с массой впечатлений и уже рассказывает о Казани своему брату. Воспроизведите данный диалог.

Shopping
On a large open corner stands a store, the windows of which run 50 yards down one street and 50 yards down the other. The windows are most attractively dressed. We enter the department store.

The first thing that strikes us is its comparative emptiness. There are, indeed two or three people at each counter, but no queues, no people in the centre of the shop.

It is true that this store has all that can be found in every grocery.

Tea, oatmeal, spices, caviar, bacon, ham, butter, cheese and the rest. Then we pass on into another department. Expensive furs, beautiful evening frocks, gloves, shoes of every pattern and hats.

Then we called in the jewellery to buy a birthday present for my sister. The assistant showed us some lovely ear-rings, necklaces, bracelets, but we finally decided on a very pretty brooch with pearls. Then we called at a dairy to buy milk, cream and a dozen of eggs. At the baker's we bought a brown loaf and two rolls.

As I am a great lover of fish we also visited the fish monger's. We saw a good displays of cod, salmon and herrings. We choose some herrings for our supper. That completed our shopping and we went home feeling rather tired.

Vocabulary:

a store, a department store - универмаг;

to be dressed - быть оформленным;

a comparative emptiness - сравнительная пустота;

to strike - поражать;

a counter - прилавок;

a queue - очередь;

a grocery - бакалея;

an oatmeal - овсянка;

a spice - пряность, специя;

caviar - икра;

bacon - бекон или копченая свинина;

ham - окорок;

a fur - мех;

a frock - платье;

a glove - перчатка;

of every pattern - любого образца;

a jewellery - драгоценность;

an ear-ring - сережка;

a necklace - ожерелье;

a bracelet - браслет;

to decide on - остановиться на;

pretty - милый, хорошенький;

to suit - подходить

a fitting-room - примерочная

to fit - быть в пору

a brooch - брошь;

a pearl - жемчуг;

a dairy - молочная;

a cream, a sour-cream - сметана;

a dozen - дюжина;

the baker's - булочная;

a roll - булка;

a great lover of smth. - большой любитель чего-то;

a fish-monger's - рыбный отдел;

a display - выставка, показ;

cod - треска;

salmon - лосось;

herring - сельдь;

to complete - завершить;

a loaf - буханка.
Ask questions:

a) Where does the department store stand?

b) How are the windows dressed?

c) What strikes us when we enter the department store?

d) Are there many people in the shop?

e) What can we buy in the grocery?

f) What did the assistant show us in the jewellery?

g) What did we buy at the dairy?

h) What kind of fish was displayed at the fish-monger's?
Translate:

Прекрасно оформленная витрина; большой любитель пряностей; у каждого прилавка; мы выбрали браслет; большой выбор рыбы; в центре магазина; завершили покупки; туфли любого образца; овсянка, икра, специи и другие продукты; следующий отдел; дорогие меха и вечерние платья; подарок ко дню рождения; выбрать сережки; дюжина яиц; заглянуть в ювелирный отдел; хорошенькая брошь с жемчугом; большой любитель браслетов и ожерелий; дорогие перчатки; буханка и горячие булочки; купить что-то к ужину; первое, что нас поражает; продавец показывает нам; купить сыр; выбрать украшение; большой любитель лосося и трески; завершить покупки в молочном отделе; выбирать окорок и бекон.

Translate the dialogue:

- Здравствуйте! Чем могу быть полезным?

- Мне бы хотелось купить красивое вечернее платье.

- У нас большой выбор платьев любого фасона. Каков ваш размер?

- 44-ый. Можно мне примерить вон то черное платье?

- Да, конечно. Вот оно.

- Где примерочная?

- Направо, пожалуйста.

-Я думаю, что это платье очень длинное. Принесите мне зеленое.

- Пожалуйста.

- Как вам оно нравится?

- Платье вам идет.

- Какова его цена?

- 50 долларов.

- Я беру его. Спасибо.

- Рады видеть вас снова в нашем магазине.

What Can You Buy?

What can you buy at the grocer's? Sugar, salt, cereals, matches.

What can you buy at the baker's? Bread and sweets.

What can you buy at the butcher's? Meat.

What can you buy at the greengrocer's? Fruits and vegetables.

What can you buy at the confectioner's? Pies, tarts, cakes, cookies, sweets.

What can you buy at the fishmonger's? Of course, fish.

And what about the chemist's (drug-store)? Some medicine. In an American drug-store you can have a cup of coffee, too.

And in the supermarket or in the mall? In the supermarket you can buy everything for food and also household things. As to the mall, you can waste there not only your time but all the money. There is a cinema, a library, a dancing-hall, a laundromat, workshops, a bank, cafes, a casino and what not.

D'you like to do shopping?

Read and translate the dialogue. Learn it by heart in pairs.

A: Hello, John, how are you?

B: Fine, thanks. How are you?

A: I'm O.K. Where are you going?

B: I'm going to the store to buy new jeans. They are quite cheap at a shoprite today. They are having a sale.

A: Oh, really? How much are they selling jeans for? How much do they cost?

B: They cost 4$ a pair.

A: How long are they having a sale for? When will it end?

B: The sale is ending tomorrow. Would you like to come with me to the shoprite?

A: Unfortunately, I can't. I'm going to the pharmacy to buy shampoo and then I will be meeting Nancy. We are going swimming together at four o'clock. Would you like to meet us at the swimming pool?

, B: I would love to. I will come as soon as I have finished my shoppi ng.

A: Great! See you at four, then. Thanks for telling me about the sale.

B: Don't mention it. See you at the pool.
Books in our life
Every day we read something and can't imagine our life without reading. It may be a textbook or an article in a magazine or a newspaper, an advertisement or a chapter from a famous novel. There are different kinds of books: historical novels and poems, science fiction and adventure stories, detective stories and biographies, fairy tales and fables. Besides there are a lot of dictionaries and reference books and hundreds of newspapers and magazines.

Why do we read books? Sometimes we want to get some information or to find answers to the thrilling questions of our life. Then we take a book with a serious content. Sometimes we want to entertain ourselves, to relax, to spend free time. Besides we use different dictionaries and reference books when we prepare reports or our homework.

Books can tell us a lot about lives of famous people, ancient times, historical events, politics and teenager's problems. Books help to discover new things, educate, solve problems, expand your outlook. Many people have books at home. These are books of their favourite authors. Besides one can get a book in the library.

Nevertheless there are people who like reading and those who think that it is a boring thing which takes much time, hurts eyes and causes a headache.

As for me, I like books of Russian and foreign writers. My favourite writer is Jack London (1876-1916). He was born in San-Francisco in a family of a poor farmer. From his early childhood he had to earn his living by selling newspapers and doing odd jobs. At the age of 17 he became a sailor. The impressions he gathered during his voyages formed basis of his future sea stories. In 1900 (1876-1916) J.London entered the university but he couldn't graduate from it because of the financial difficulties. Then he worked in a laundry.

When gold was discovered in Alaska thousands of adventurers rushed there. Jack London was among them. He wrote wonderful stories about strong and brave people. His stories and novels were true to life. The author created unforgetable characters.

Vocabulary:

an article - статья, артикль;

a science fiction - научная фантастика;

a detective story - детектив;

a biography - биография;

a fairy tale - сказка;

a fable - басня;

a reference book - справочник;

to entertain oneself- развлекаться;

a content - содержание;

a chapter - глава;

ancient - древний;

an event - событие;

to discover - обнаружить;

to solve a problem - решать проблемы;

to expand one's outlook - расширять кругозор;

nevertheless - тем не менее;

to hurt one's eyes - испортить зрение;

an author - автор;

to be born - родиться;

an odd job - случайная работа

a sailor - матрос;

to form basis - сформировать основу;

a laundry - прачечная;

to rush - броситься, кинуться;

to create - создать;

to forget - забывать; unforgetable - незабываемый;

a character - персонаж, герой произведения.
Ask questions:

a) What kind of books do you know?

b) What kind of books do you like to read?

c) Have you read any fairy-tales, fables, poems, stories?

d) What do you like to read about?

e) Have you read any books of foreign writers?

f) What English and American writers do you know?

g) What can different kinds of books teach us?

h) What do the stories about birds and animals teach us?

i) Do you like to read science fiction? Why?

j) What can we learn from different kinds of books?

k) Can you read all day long?

1) Why do people read the books?

m) Where can one get a book?

n) Where else can you get the information from?
Translate:

Артикли английского языка; статья в журнале; объявление в газете; научная фантастика и приключения; предпочитать детективы; известный автор детективов; красивая сказка; учить басни; моя биография ; пользоваться справочником на уроке; англо-французский словарь; интересное содержание; развлекаться и веселиться; события дня; древний мир; древний язык; главы из романа; решить проблему; обнаружить древний город; расширять кругозор; обнаружить интересную статью; добрая старая сказка; случайная работа в прачечной; родиться в деревне; портить зрение; незабываемые события; забыть содержание главы; создать незабываемые персонажи.

Read and translate the dialogue. Learn it by heart in pairs.

- What are you reading?

- It is a book as you see.

- Of course I see it is a book. What's the title of this book?

- It's "A Farewell to the Arms" by Ernst Hemingway.

- And what do you think of it?

- To tell the truth Hemingway is my favourite writer. I have read all his novels and stories in Russian. Now I am reading the book in the original.

- Any language problems?

- Sometimes, but I use a dictionary, that's all.

- As for me I prefer other foreign writers. Most of all I like detective stories and adventures.

- Tastes differ. By the way, do you like John Updike?

- As far as I remember I read his novel "Run, Rabbit, Run!"

- What do you think of it?

- It produced a great impression on me. He is a very talented writer. His books are worth reading.

- Look here, what Russian writers are popular nowadays?

- Many Russian writers are popular all over the world. My favourite writer is M. Bulgakov.

- And I am fond of the poems of A. Achmatova and B. Pasternak.
Vocabulary:

a title - заглавие;

an original - оригинал;

to be worth reading - стоит почитать;

nowadays - в наши дни;

all over the world - во всем мире

Meals
The usual meals in England are: breakfast, lunch, tea and dinner. Breakfast is generally a bigger meal than they have on a Continent. In the morning an Englishman has his favourite breakfast which consists of porridge followed by fried bacon and eggs. Then he has toast with butter and marmalade. Perhaps some fruit will also be eaten. For a change, you may have cold ham or fish, some coffee and a roll. Breakfast is often a quick meal, because the father has to get away for his work, the children have to go to school and the mother has her housework to do.

At midday people have their lunch. It consists of 2 courses. The businessman finds it impossible to get home for this, and so takes his lunch in a cafe or a restaurant. For the lunch one can take cold meat, beef, mutton, and veal with boiled or fried potatoes, vegetables followed by biscuits and cheese and a cup of coffee.

Afternoon tea follows between 4 and 5 o'clock. This is not generally a formal meal. You may sit anywhere you like and have a cup on your knee and eat thin buttered bread, pastries and a cake.

The evening meal is called dinner. Usually a savoury meat course is followed by stewed fruit, pudding and tea, or whatever they can afford.

Vocabulary

a porridge - каша

to fry - жарить

fried - жареный

to boil - кипятить, варить

boiled - вареный

a course - блюдо

veal - телятина

a biscuit - печенье

pastry - пирожное

savoury meat - острое мясо

appertizer - закуска

dessert - десерт

cottage-cheese - творог;

cream – сливки;

beverage - напиток

sweets - сладкое

broth - бульон

salad - салат

dressing - соус

mustard - горчица

vinegar - уксус

pepper - перец

pass me - передайте

I am as hungry as a hunter -я голодный как волк;

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