АНГЛИЙСКИЙ ЯЗЫК ДЛЯ ШКОЛЬНИКОВ

Ю. Голицынский

Н. Голицынская

_{ГРАММАТИКА}

СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

ИЗДАНИЕ ПЯТОЕ ИСПРАВЛЕННОЕ И ДОПОЛНЕННОЕ





УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922 Г 60

Авторы:

Ю. Б. Голицынский,

Н. А. Голицынская (исправления и дополнения)

Голицынский Ю. Б.

Г 60 Грамматика: Сборник упражнений.— 5-е изд. —

СПб.: КАРО, 2006.— 544 с.— (Английский язык для школьников).

ISBN 5-89815-595-3

Сборник упражнений по всем разделам английской грамматики. Упражнения основаны на несложной лексике. Они содержат достаточно материала для запоминания основных грамматических форм и выработки навыков их применения. Дополнен теоретическим материалом и сло­варем.

Предназначен для учащихся V—IX классов школ с базовым уровнем изучения английского языка и школ с углубленным изучением английского языка.

УДК 372.167.1: 811.111 ББК81.2Англ-922

© КАРО, 2005
ISBN 5-89815-595-3 Все права защищены

Предисловие

Предлагаемый сборник содержит грамматические упражнения по основным темам грамматики англий­ского языка: артикль, существительное, неопределенные местоимения some, any, no и их производные, местоиме­ния much, many, (a) little, (a) few, степени сравнения прилагательных, предлоги, употребление времен, стра­дательный залог, согласование времен и косвенная речь, неличные формы глагола, сложное дополнение, слож­ное подлежащее, условные предложения и употребление сослагательного наклонения после / wish, модальные глаголы.

Настоящее пятое издание сборника подверглось пе­реработке, в процессе которой были сделаны многочис­ленные исправления и дополнения, например, по таким темам, как артикль, существительное, местоимения, предлоги, употребление времен, страдательный залог. В большинство упражнений добавлены новые предложе­ния, а также составлены новые упражнения. Суще­ственно переработаны главы, посвященные герундию, сложному дополнению и сложному подлежащему.

Сборник завершается контрольным упражнением, позволяющим проверить правильность усвоения учащи­мися применения артиклей, употребления времен в ак­тивном и пассивном залогах, герундия, причастия и модальных глаголов.

Для исправлений и дополнений некоторых грамма­тических явлений в сборнике приведены примечания, в которых указана ссылка на следующее пособие по грам­матике английского языка: Raymond Murphy "Essential Grammar in Use".

4 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Кроме того, в настоящем пятом издании расширен и выверен словарь,, исправлены орфография и транскрип­ция. Изменения, внесенные в словарь сборника, вы­полнены в соответствии с орфографией и транскрипци­ей словаря Longman Dictionary of English Language and Culture. — Longman Group UK Limited 1992. Англо­русский и русско-английский словарь сборника поме­щен в конце книги, причем он включает все слова, име­ющиеся в упражнениях, благодаря чему у ученика не будет необходимости обращаться к большому словарю в поисках незнакомых слов, что облегчит ему работу и сократит время на выполнение упражнений. Перед сло­варем приведены таблицы с фонетическими символами, используемыми в словаре, которые характерны для анг­лийского предложения.

Сборник предназначен дяя учащихся средних школ, независимо от их профиля, а также может быть исполь­зован при работе со взрослыми. При существующем в настоящее время большом разнообразии учебных про­грамм и учебников не представляется целесообразным согласовывать лексический и грамматический матери­ал с каким-нибудь определенным учебником. В преде­лах каждого раздела сборника упражнения расположе­ны по мере возрастания трудностей, что дает возмож­ность учителю подбирать упражнения в соответствии с языковым уровнем учащихся.

Из собственного многолетнего опыта преподаватель­ской работы авторы сборника знают, что количество грамматических упражнений, предлагаемых любым учебником, недостаточно, а учитель всегда испытывает потребность в дополнительных упражнениях. Поэтому предлагаемый сборник упражнений может оказаться уместным и полезным для работы по любому учебнику и с любой аудиторией.

Авторы

АРТИКЛЬ

Запомните следующие правила:

Перед каждым нарицательным существительным должен стоять артикль.

Если вы не употребляете перед существительным артикль, вы должны уметь объяснить, почему.

Артикль не употребляется, если перед существи­тельным стоит притяжательное или указательное мес­тоимение, другое существительное в притяжательном падеже, количественное числительное или отрицание "по" (не "not"!).

Упражнение 1

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... book. It is my ... book. 2. Is this your ... pencil? — No, it isn't my ... pencil, it is my sis­ter's ... pencil. 3. I have ... sister. My ... sister is ... engineer. My sister's ... husband is ... doctor. 4. I have no ... handbag. 5. She has got ... headache. 6. Have they got ... car? — Yes, they have. Their ... car is not very expensive but reliable. 7. Have you got ... calculator? — No, I haven't. 8. Is this ... watch? — No, it isn't ... watch, it's ... pen. 9. This ... pen is good, and that ... pen is bad. 10. I can see

6 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

... pencils on your ... table, but I can see no ... paper. 11. Give me ... chair, please. 12. They have ... dog and two ... cats. 13. I have ... spoon in my ... plate, but I have no ... soup in it. 14. My ... friend says he is going to be ... millionaire one ... day. 15. Would you like ... orange? 16. Mr. Smith is ... artist, Mrs. Smith is ... poetess.

Упоминая предмет впервые, мы употребляем пе­ред ним неопределенный артикль a (an). Упоминая этот же предмет вторично, мы ставим перед ним определенный артикль the.

• E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

Упражнение 2

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Не hasn't got ... car. But he's got ... comput­er. ... computer is new. 2. My ... friends have got ... cat and ... dog. ... dog never bites ... cat. 3. This is ... tree. ... tree is green. 4. I can see three ... boys. ... boys are playing. 5. I have ... bicycle. ... bicycle is black. My ... friend has no ... bicycle. 6. Our ... room is large. 7. We wrote ... dictation yesterday. ... dictation was long. 8. She has two ... daughters and one ... son. Her ... son is ... pupil. 9. Last year I gave my ... mother ... bracelet for her ... birthday. She liked ... bracelet. 10. My ... brother's ... friend has no ... dog. 11. This ... pencil is broken. Give me that ... pencil, please. 12. She has ... ball. ... ball is ... big. 13. I got ... letter from my ... friend yester­day. ... letter was interesting. 14. When they were in Geneva, they stayed at ... hotel. Sometimes they had dinner at ... hotel and sometimes in ... restau­rant. 15. I've got ... idea. 16. What ... shame.

7

Артикль 7

Неопределенный артикль a (an) может употреб­ляться только с исчисляемыми существительными, стоящими в единственном числе. Перед неисчисляе-мыми существительными или существительными во множественном числе неопределенный артикль опус­кается. Определенный артикль the употребляется как с исчисляемыми, так и с неисчисляемыми существи­тельными, как с единственным, так и с множествен­ным числом.^-

• E.g. This is a book. The book is interesting.

исчисляемое в единственном числе

This is s meat. The meat is fresh.

неисчисляемое

These are s books. The books are good.

множественное число

Упражнение 3

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... pen. ... pen is red. 2. These are pen­cils. ... pencils are black. 3. This is ... soup. ... soup is tasty. 4. In the morning I eat ... sandwich and drink ... tea. 5. She gave me ... coffee and ... cake. ... coffee was hot. ... cake was tasty. 6. Do you like ... ice cream? 7. I see ... book in your ... hand. Is ... book interesting? 8. Do you need ... camera? 9. He never eats ... meat, he always eats ... vegetables, ... cereals, ... seeds, ... fruit, and ... nuts. He is ... ve­getarian. 10. This is ... pineapple. ... pineapple is delicious. 11. Elaine, ... apples are good for you!

12. 
    My ... cousin is upset. He's got ... sore throat.
    
13. 
    This is ... cottage cheese. ... cottage cheese is fresh. 14. She bought ... meat, ... butter and ... po­tatoes yesterday. She also bought ... cake. ... cake was very ... tasty. We ate ... cake with ... tea.
    

8 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

15. This is my ... table. On ... table I have ... book, two ... pencils, ... pen and ... paper. 16. This is ... bag. ... bag is brown. It is my sister's ... bag. And this is my ... bag. It is ... yellow.

Запомните следующие словосочетания, в которых артикль не употребляется:

at • school at s home at • work

Упражнение 4

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I have two ... sisters. My ... sisters are ... stu­dents. 2. We are at ... home. 3. My ... brother is not at ... home, he is at ... school. 4. My ... mother is at ... work. She is ... doctor. 5. I am not ... doctor. 6. I have no ... sister. 7. He is not ... pilot. 8. I have thirty-two ... teeth. 9. He has ... child. 10. She has two ... children. Her children are at ... school.

11. 
    Is your father at... home? — No, he is at... work.
    
12. 
    Where is your ... brother? — He is at ... home.
    

Если перед существительным употребляется

прилагательное, оно стоит между артиклем

и существительным.

• E.g. This is a book. This is a good book.

Упражнение 5

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. We have ... large ... family. 2. My granny of­ten tells us ... long ... interesting ... stories. 3. My

Артикль 9

... father is ... engineer. He works at ... factory. ... factory is large. 4. My ... mother is ... doctor. She works at ... large ... hospital. She is at ... work now. 5. My ... aunt is ... teacher. She works at ... school. ... school is good. My ... aunt is not at ... school now. She is at ... home. She is drinking ... tea and eating ... jam. ... jam is sweet. I am at ... home, too. I am drinking ... tea and eating ... sandwich. ... sandwich is tasty. 6. My sister is at ... school. She is ... pupil. 7. My cousin has ... big ... black ... cat. My cousin's ... cat has two ... kittens. ... cat likes ... milk. ... kittens like ... milk, too. 8. I am ... engineer. 9. My ... son is ... pupil. 10. He is ... good ... pupil. 11. This is ... house. 12. This is my ... pencil. 13. You have some ... pencils, but I have no ... pen­cil. Give me ... pencil, please.

Часто, даже упоминая предмет впервые, мы тем не менее употребляем перед ним определенный ар­тикль:

а) если упоминаемый предмет является един­

ственным в мире:

• E.g. The sun is shining brightly.

б) если этот предмет является определенным по
ситуации:

• E.g. Put the book on the table.

Упражнение 6

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. What's ... weather like today? — ... weather is fine. 2. ... sun is yellow. 3. ... sky is grey today. 4. ... Earth is ... planet. 5. We had ... English les­son yesterday. ... teacher asked me many ... ques­tions. ... questions were difficult. 6. Where is your

10 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

... brother? — Не is at ... home. He is in his ... room. He is sitting at ... table. He is doing his ... home­work. ... homework is difficult. 7. Our ... cat is sit­ting on ... sofa. 8. It is very dark in ... room. Turn on ... light, please. 9. Nick went into ... bathroom, turned on ... water and washed his ... hands.

Упражнение 7

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. This is ... good ... book. Take ... book from ... table. Put this ... book into ... bookcase. 2. ... weather is fine today. ... sky is blue. ... sun is shin­ing brightly in ... blue ... sky. 3. This is ... boy. ... boy is at ... school. He is ... pupil. This ... boy is my ... brother's ... friend. He has ... cat, but he has no ... dog. He likes his ... cat. He gives ... cat ... milk every day. 4. Yesterday I received ... letter from my ... friend. ... letter was interesting. 5. We live in ... big house. I like ... house very much. 6. Are you ... worker? — No, I am ... student. 7. I like your ... beautiful ... flower. Give me ... flower, please. 8. My ... mother is at ... home. She is reading ... interest­ing ... book. 9. My ... father is not at ... home. He is at ... work. He is ... doctor. He is ... good ... doctor. He works at ... hospital. ... hospital is large.

Кроме того, существует огромное количество так называемых устойчивых словосочетаний, в которых артикль употребляется или отсутствует традиционно. Эти словосочетания приходится заучивать наизусть.

Запомните следующие конструкции:

There is a ... . Where is the ... ?

Артикль 11

Запомните также следующие предложения:

The (book) is on the (table). • Ho: The (book) is on a little (table)¹.

Упражнение 8

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... big tree in ... garden. 2. There is ... bank near here. — Where is ... bank? 3. There is ... new supermarket in ... centre of our ... town.

4. 
   There is ... hotel over there. ... hotel isn't cheap.
   
5. 
   Where is ... cat? — ... cat is on ... sofa. 6. Where is ... book? — ... book is on ... shelf. 7. Where are ... flowers? — ... flowers are in ... beautiful vase. 8. Where is ... vase? — ... vase is on ... little table near ... window. 9. Open ... window, please. ... weather is fine today. I can see ... sun in ... sky. I can see ... nice little bird. ... bird is sitting in ... big tree. ... tree is green. 10. There is ... little white cloud in ... sky. 11. We have ... large room. There is ... big sofa in ... room and ... little lamp on ... wall over ... sofa. I like to sit on ... sofa and read ... good book.
   

Запомните следующее устойчивое словосочетание:

in s front (of)

¹ Существительное, стоящее в скобках, может быть лю­бым. Прилагательное также может быть любым. Вместо пред­лога "on" может быть любой другой предлог или заменяющее его словосочетание, напр. "in front of".

12 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

Упражнение 9

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... wonderful small computer in ... front of ... books there. 2. Where is ... soup? — ... soup is in ... big saucepan on ... gas cooker. 3. Where are ... cutlets? — ... cutlets are in ... refrigerator on ... little plate. 4. There is no ... bread on ... ta­ble. Where is ... bread? 5. There is ... little brown coffee table in our ... room in ... front of ... sofa. 6. Where is ... table in your ... room? 7. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor in my mother's ... room.

8. 
   Is your brother at ... home? — No, he is at ... work. He works at ... big factory. He is ... engineer.
   
9. 
   My sister has many ... books. ... books are in ... big bookcase. 10. ... weather is fine today. Let's go and play in ... yard. There are many ... children in ... yard. They are playing with ... ball.
   

Запомните следующие конструкции, требующие неопределенного артикля:

I have а ... This is a ... I am a ...

Не has a ... That is a ... Не is a ...

I see a ... It is a ... She is a ...

There is a ...

Упражнение 10

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. I see ... bottle of ... pineapple ... juice on ... kitchen table. 2. Her ... son has ... great ... sense of ... humor. 3. There was ... discotheque at ... club last Saturday but he didn't go. 4. Is there ... bus stop near ... building? 5. We have ... big dog. ... dog is very clever. 6. My friend has ... very good comput-

Артикль 13

er. 7. This ... boy is big. He is ... student. 8. There is ... very large piano in ... hall. 9. This is ... tree and that is not ... tree. It's ... bush. 10. I am ... boy. I am ... pupil. I study at ... school. 11. My sis­ter is at ... work. She is ... secretary. She works at ... large office. 12. This is ... very difficult ques­tion. I don't know ... answer to it. 13. Do you see ... little girl with ... big ball in her ... hands? She is ... pupil of our ... school. 14. There was ... beautiful flower in this ... vase yesterday. Where is ... flower now? 15. Last year we were in Geneva. It is ... excit­ing city to visit, but ... very expensive place to live.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in the middle in the corner to the right to the left

Упражнение 11

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... jar of ... orange ... marmelade in ... middle of ... shelf. 2. There is ... big ... box of ... cereal to ... right of you. 3. There is ... bunch of ... bananas on ... table. Don't keep them in ... re­frigerator. 4. There is ... loaf of ... white ... bread on ... upper ... shelf of ... refrigerator. If you want your ... bread to be fresh, keep it only in ... refrigerator. 5. Is there ... bag of ... flour in ... cupboard? 6. There was ... bottle of ... lemonade in ... corner of ... kitchen. 7. There is ... thick red ... carpet in my ... room. ... carpet is on ... floor in ... front of ... sofa. 8. Where is ... table in your brother's ... room? —

14 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

His ... table is near ... window. 9. I can see ... fine ... vase .on ... shelf. Is it your ... vase? 10. We have no ... piano in our ... living room. 11. My ... uncle is ... married. He has ... beautiful wife. They have ... son, but they have no ... daughter. 12. I can see ... nice ... coffee table in ... middle of ... room to ... right of ... door. It is ... black and ... red. I like ... coffee table. 13. Our ... TV set is on ... little ... ta­ble in ... corner of ... room. 14. There is ... beautiful picture in my father's ... study. ... picture is on ... wall to ... left of ... window.

Упражнение 12

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

My aunt's flat is in ... new house. There is ... liv­ing room, ... bedroom, ... study, ... bathroom and ... kitchen in ... flat. ... bedroom is ... large room with ... two windows. ... room is light as ... windows are large. There are ... white curtains on ... windows. There are ... two beds with ... large pillows on them. There are ... small tables near ... beds. There are ... lamps on them. To ... left of ... door there is ... dress­ing table with ... mirror on it. There is ... low chair at ... dressing table. There are ... several pictures on ... pale green walls. There is ... thick carpet on ... floor. ... carpet is dark green. ... room is very cosy.

Если после конструкции there is (there are) стоит неисчисляемое существительное или существитель­ное во множественном числе, вместо опущенного неопределенного артикля часто (не обязательно) употребляется слово some.

Артикль 15

Упражнение 13

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. There is ... park behind ... hospital. There are ... beautiful ... trees in ... park. 2. There is ... good ... film on TV this ... evening. I am going to watch it. 3. There is ... library between ... school and ... bank. There are ... English and German books in this ... library. 4. There is ... sofa in ... corner of ... room. 5. There are ... cushions on ... sofa. 6. There are ... books on ... shelf. Give me ... book, please.

7. Look into ... refrigerator. What can you see on ...
shelves? — There is ... butter in ... butter dish.
There is ... sausage, but there is no ... cheese. There
are ... eggs and ... apples. There is ... orange, ...
lemon, and ... jam in ... little vase. 8. There is ...
juice in this ... cup. May I drink ... juice? 9. There
are ... girls in ... yard, but I can see no ... boys.
Where are ... boys? — Oh, all ... boys are playing
football at... stadium. 10. There is ... peculiar charm
in her ... voice.

Упражнение 14

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Where is ... bus station? — ... bus station is next to ... gas station. 2. There are two ... pets in ... house: ... cat and ... dog. 3. There is ... TV antenna on ... roof. 4. There is ... mailbox between ... build­ing and ... bus stop. 5. There is ... big ... dog in ... front of ... fireplace. 6. Do you speak English at ... work or at... school? 7. She had ... bad ... day today.

8. I have ... colour TV set. ... TV set is on ... little
table in ... corner of ... room. 9. There is ... book,
... pen, and ... paper on my ... writing desk. 10. My
... brother is ... teacher. He works at ... school. He

16 ГРАММАТИКА. СБОРНИК УПРАЖНЕНИЙ

has ... very good books. His ... books are in ... big bookcase. 11. There is ... tea in my ... glass. There is no ... tea in my ... friend's ... glass. His ... glass is empty. 12. Where is ... coffee table in your ... room? — ... coffee table is in ... front of ... sofa. There is ... cup on ... coffee table and ... newspa­pers. There is ... coffee in ... cup. 13. There are ... photographs on ... sofa. 14. There is ... guitar on ... chair near ... piano.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

in the morning in the evening

in the afternoon at s night

А также:

to go to ± bed to go to • school

to go to s work

Упражнение 15

Вставьте артикль, где необходимо.

1. Every day my ... brother and I get up at eight o'clock and walk to ... school. I like ... school. It's ... fun. My ... brother loves ... football. He hates ... homework. So he doesn't like to go to ... school. Will he go to ... work in ... future? 2. My ... friend has to get up early in ... morning because he goes to ... school. That's why he usually goes to ... bed early in ... evening. 3. ... weather was very bad in ... morn­ing yesterday. ... sky was grey and it was raining. But in ... middle of ... day ... weather began to change. ... rain stopped and ... sun appeared from behind ... clouds. In ... afternoon it was very warm.

Артикль 17

I did not want to stay at ... home and went into ... yard. There were ... boys and ... girls in ... yard. We played in ... yard till late in ... evening. When I came ... home, I drank ... tea, ate ... sandwich and went to ... bed at once. I slept very well at ... night.

Запомните следующие устойчивые словосочетания:

at s half past five at a quarter past five

to go s home to come s home

to leave S home for S work (for S school)

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